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Classification of Acids and Bases
CHEMISTRY - Secondary 1
In This part we will study
Classification of bases
Bases can be classified according to:
 Strength (degree of ionization).
 Molecular structure.
 Classification of bases according to their strength (degree of ionization):
Bases are classified according to their degree of ionization (dissociation) into:
Strong bases
Which are completely ionized in water.

 Their solutions are good conductors of electricity.

 They are considered as strong electrolytes.

Examples
 Potassium hydroxide KOH
 Sodium hydroxide NaOH
 Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2

Weak bases
Bases which are incompletely ionized in water.


 Their solutions are bad conductors of electricity.

 They are considered as weak electrolytes.

Examples
 Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
 Classification of bases according to their molecular structure:
- Bases are classified according to their molecular structure into:
Note: The bases that dissolve in water are called Alkalis.
Alkali: It is a base that dissolves in water and gives hydroxide ion (OH-).
The alkalis are a part of the bases and therefore, we can say that: all alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis.

Detecting acids and bases
The aqueous solutions are divided into three types :
 Acidic solutions.  Alkaline solutions.  Neutral solutions.
There are two methods for identifying these solutions :
 Indicators.  pH-meter.

Indicators: They are weak organic acids or bases, their color changes with the change of the solution type.
Indicators are used in :
 Identifying the type of solution (acidic, neutral, basic).
 Determining the end point in titration processes between acids and bases.

Best wishes to you
Mr.Ahmed Elbasha

كيمياء الصف الاول الثانوي لغات - الفصل الدراسي الاول
شرح كيمياء لغات اولي ثانوي - مستر احمد الباشا
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