You could learn more about cardiology courses with Prof. Sameh Allam by clicking on the courses’ library link here:

Objectives for this course:
1- Master the essentials of a successful complex PCI by using the radial approach
2- Essential questions on radial approach and the use of the specific radial device(s)
3- Clinical case strategy and radial approach limits
4- Anatomical variations in the Radial artery.
5- Master the essential steps of a successful radial procedure.

In this lecture we will discuss:
1- The technique of cardiac catheterization.
2- The indications for cardiac catheterization.
3- the complications of cardiac catheterization.
And Outline the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

As we all know that the coronary arteries deliver blood to the heart muscle, and any coronary artery disorder or disease can have serious implications by reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
Coronary disorders and disease can lead to a heart attack and possibly death, but there is a chance to help our patients to avoid these complications by cardiac catheterization in some medical cases.
Atherosclerosis (a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery causing it to narrow or become blocked) is the most common cause of heart disease.

The cardiac catheterization is not only used to help in atherosclerosis but also for many other conditions.

Cardiac catheterization can be either a diagnostic or a therapeutic procedure. The procedure is done in the evaluation and the treatment of the following conditions:
1- Coronary artery disease
2- Measuring the hemodynamics in the right and left side of the heart
3- Evaluate the left ventricular function
4- Evaluation and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias
5- Evaluation and treatment of valvular heart disease
6- Assessment pericardial and myocardial diseases
7- Assessment of the congenital heart diseases
8- Evaluation of heart failure

There are no absolute definitive contraindications for the cardiac catheterization procedures. Most of the contraindications are relative depending on the indication for the procedure and the associated comorbidities of the patient. When the risk of complications is expected to be more than what is considered acceptable for the procedure, alternative modes of imaging and assessment can be used to answer the clinical question. Experienced operators will modify the technique of the procedure in a way to get the best possible outcomes for the patient with the least amount of risk.

The radial artery ranges in diameter from 2 to 4 mm, with an average of 3.1 ± 0.6 mm and 2.8 ± 0.6 mm in men and women, respectively.
This is considerably smaller than the average non diseased common femoral artery, which ranges from 7 to 9 mm in diameter. As a result, arterial injury can occur with standard equipment.

Although there is little argument that the transradial approach is associated with decreased access site complications, it is important to remember that it is not completely benign.
There are a number of complications that are unique to transradial catheterization.
Although the majority of these are not clinically dramatic, they occasionally require dedicated management.
These complications include:
1- arterial injury.
2- spasm
3- occlusion.
4- perforation
5- hematoma
6- pseudoaneurysm.
Additionally, and perhaps more importantly, many of these can be prevented by meticulous technique in access, procedural performance, and hemostasis.
With relatively straightforward strategies, these complications can be managed without downstream issues.

There is little argument that transradial catheterization is associated with lower rates of access site complications. Although this has led to increased use of transradial access across the world, it is important to remember that transradial access is not without complications.

To learn more about how to overcome these complications, you could watch this lecture till the end and visit the courses library on Sameh Allam website: https://samehallam.com/



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