شرح علوم متكاملة لغات الصف الاول الثانوي لغات - الفصل الدراسي الثاني
شرح علوم متكاملة اولي ثانوي لغات - ترم ثاني
Integrated Sciences for Grade 10 (First Year of Secondary School) -Second Semester

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in this Lesson:
Cellular ,respiration
series of chemical reactions that release the latent chemical energy in glucose and store it
as a usable energy in the form of ATP molecules.

First stage "Glycolysis": It occurs in the cytoplasm, where one molecule of glucose is
broken down, producing a small amount of energy in ATP molecules.

Second stage: It differs according to the type of cellular respiration which divides into two
types, depending on the availability of oxygen, as follows:
Aerobic respiration
► It happens under conditions where oxygen is available. Intermembrane
► The products of glucose breakdown are transported space---£;,,-.,;~
to the mitochondria (the power station of the cell),
to complete the aerobic cellular respiration within it,
where it results in:
- Carbon dioxide. - Water.
Matrix
Inner
- A large amount of ATP molecules (approximately Structure of the mitochondrion
36 ATP molecules per one glucose molecule).
So, the aerobic respiration is the most efficient way to produce energy.
► The reaction occurring in aerobic cellular respiration can be expressed by the following
chemical equation:

Anaerobic respiration
It happens in the absence or lack of oxygen, where the cell switches to the less efficient
anaerobic respiration to yield a limited amount of energy ( only about 2 ATP for one
glucose molecule).
The products of glycolysis are fermented in the cytoplasm, and this fermentation may be
acidic or alcoholic, as follows:

Energy in the chemical reactions of cellular respiration

Exothermic reactions
Endothermic reactions

Steps of calculation of the change in heat content (AH) associated with the chemical reaction.

Calculating the heat content of products and reactants

Change in heat content (Enthalpy change) (H)
The difference between the sum of heat content of the reaction products (HP) and the sum of
i heat content of reactants (HR).


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