شرح ICT الصف الثاني الاعدادي لغات - الفصل الدراسي الثاني
شرح ICT تانية اعدادي - ترم تاني

لينك تحميل الملزمة
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1f9KRjqn2FjQviOS_rW0AlNTgqHPccgi5/view?usp=sharing

لينك تليجرام
https://t.me/mrahmedelbashagroup

in this lesson:
dream of developing machines that can think and operate automatically
• Before computers were invented, people dreamed of machines that could think and do tasks and work like humans.
• In ancient times, Humans invented "thinking machines"
• Ancient civilizations made efforts to build machines that could work on their own
( Automation systems).
• These efforts were not AI as we know it today. but were found in myths, philosophy, early mechanics, and self-operating machines.

The Modern Era of Artificial Intelligence
Alan Turing: The Father of Artificial Intelligence
Foundations of AI:
• In 1950, British mathematician Alan Turing founded modern AI.
• Turing asked an important question: "Can machines think?"
The Turing Test – A Simple Example:
• Imagine you are sending text messages to someone.
• you don't know if you are chatting with a human or a computer program.
• If you cannot tell the difference, then this program has passed the Turing Test!

The Dartmouth Conference: The Birth of the Term “AI” (1956)
• The Beginning of the Term “Artificial Intelligence”
• In the summer of 1956, a group of the smartest scientists met at Dartmouth College in the USA.
Their big goal was:
• to develop machines that could learn and think like humans !
• During this conference, the term "Artificial Intelligence" was officially introduced.

Years of Excitement and Greate Hopes (1956 - 1970)
Early Hopes:
• After the Dartmouth Conference, scientists created the first AI programs.
• These programs were simple compared to what we see today, but they were amazing at that time!

Examples of Early Programs:
• Logic Theorist: A program that can solve logical mathematical problems.
• General Problem Solver: A program that tries to solve general problems
step-by-step.

Early Challenges:
Computers were very slow with limited memory.
Computers need hours to solve a simple math problem that a child could solve in minutes!

Expert Systems: Machines Learn from Experts (1970 - 1980)
In the 1970s, scientists had a great idea: instead of trying to make machines think like humans, why not teach them special knowledge from experts?

MYCIN: The Robot Doctor:
One of the most famous expert systems was MYCIN
It is a program that helps doctors diagnose infectious diseases.
It would ask questions like:
Does the patient have a fever? Or What are the other symptoms?
Then it would suggest the treatment!
MYCIN’s accuracy was as good as expert doctors.
AI Winter – When Dreams Faded (1980 - 1990)
The Great Challenges:
In the 1980s, AI faced a real crisis. The great initial excitement turned into disappointment. Why?
Overstated Promises: Scientists promised more than they could achieve.
Technical Limitations: Computers were still slow and had limited memory.
High Cost: Developing these systems was very expensive.
Limited Results: Programs worked only in very narrow fields.

The Renaissance –A Return of Hope (1990 - 2010)
The Internet and Data Revolution:
• In the 90s, the Internet appeared!
• Suddenly, scientists had huge amounts of data to work with.
Machine Learning: A New Way to Teach Machines:
• Instead of programming machines with knowledge, scientists decided to teach them how to learn from data by themselves.
• This is called "Machine Learning".

Amazing Achievements:
• For the first time in history, a computer beat the world chess champion! It was a amazing event watched by millions around the world.



The Modern Revolution – Deep Learning Changes Everything (2010 - Now)
Deep Learning:
• It is an advanced type of Machine Learning that mimics the way the human brain works!
• It uses Artificial Neural Networks.
How It Works:
• Think of your brain as a network of interconnected neurons.
• Each cell receives signals and sends out others.
• Deep Learning mimics this process!
Amazing Achievements:
• A computer won against the world champion in the Chinese game "AlphaGo" , this game much harder than chess!

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